Orientações de Enfermagem em casos de fimose na infância- Estudo descritivo / Nursing Guidelines in Cases of Childhood Fimosis - Descriptive Study / Orientaciones de Enfermería en Casos de Fimosis Infantil - Estudio Descriptivo

Objetivo: analisar as orientações que os pais/mães ou responsáveis pela criança recebem sobre o cuidado na fimose infantil por parte dos enfermeiros. Método: abordagem qualitativa e método descritivo, seguindo os pressupostos de Minayo, no qual as participantes foram entrevistadas por meio da plataforma digital do Google Forms. Resultados: Foram 10 entrevistadas que atenderam aos seguintes critérios de exclusão: ter filhos entre 1 ano à 2 anos de idade, onde responderam todas as categorias propostas referente a fimose. Conclusão: os pais/responsáveis precisam de mais orientações a respeito da fimose na infância e as complicações que podem causar se não diagnosticadas ainda na infância. Com isso podemos deixar uma alerta para os profissionais da saúde em especial aqueles que realizam atendimentos nas unidades básicas de saúde, durante as consultas de crescimento e desenvolvimento oriente os pais/responsáveis com clareza sobre essa patologia e suas possíveis complicações

Objective: to analyze the guidelines that the fathers/mothers or guardians for the child receive on the care of childhood phimosis. Method: qualitative approach and descriptive method, following Minayo's assumptions, no qualifications as participants were interviewed through the digital platform of Google Forms. Results: There were 10 interviewees who met the exclusion criteria: having children between 1 year and 2 years old, where they answered all the proposed categories referring to phimosis. Conclusion: parents/guardians need more guidance about childhood phimosis and the complications that it can cause if not diagnosed in childhood. With this, we can leave an alert for health professionals, especially those who provide care in basic health units, during the growth and development consultations, guide parents/guardians with clarity about this pathology and its possible complications.

Objetivo: analizar las orientaciones que reciben los padres os tutores del niño sobre los cuidados en la fimosis infantil. Método: enfoque cualitativo y método descriptivo, siguiendo los supuestos de Minayo, en el cual los participantes fueron entrevistados a través de la plataforma digital de Google Forms. Resultados: Fueron 10 entrevistados que cumplieron con los siguientes criterios de exclusión: tener hijos entre 1 año y 2 años, donde respondieron todas las categorías propuestas en cuanto a fimosis. Conclusión: los padres / tutores necesitan más orientación sobre la fimosis infantil y las complicaciones que puede causar si no se diagnostica en la infancia. Con esto, podemos dejar una alerta para los profesionales de la salud, especialmente aquellos que brindan atención en las unidades básicas de salud, durante las consultas de crecimiento y desarrollo, orientar a los padres / tutores con claridad sobre esta patología y sus posibles complicaciones.

A percepção de mulheres histerectomizadas sobre os cuidados da enfermagem no processo cirúrgico / The perception of hysterectomized women about the care for the disease and the surgical process / La percepción de las mujeres histerectomizadas sobre el cuidado de la enfermedad y el proceso quirúrgico

Objetivo: analisar as orientações que os pais/mães ou responsáveis pela criança recebem sobre o cuidado na fimose infantil por parte dos enfermeiros. Método: abordagem qualitativa e método descritivo, seguindo os pressupostos de Minayo, no qual as participantes foram entrevistadas por meio da plataforma digital do Google Forms. Resultados: Foram 10 entrevistadas que atenderam aos seguintes critérios de exclusão: ter filhos entre 1 ano à 2 anos de idade, onde responderam todas as categorias propostas referente a fimose. Conclusão: os pais/responsáveis precisam de mais orientações a respeito da fimose na infância e as complicações que podem causar se não diagnosticadas ainda na infância. Com isso podemos deixar uma alerta para os profissionais da saúde em especial aqueles que realizam atendimentos nas unidades básicas de saúde, durante as consultas de crescimento e desenvolvimento oriente os pais/responsáveis com clareza sobre essa patologia e suas possíveis complicações.

Objective: to analyze the guidelines that the fathers/mothers or guardians for the child receive on the care of childhood phimosis. Method: qualitative approach and descriptive method, following Minayo's assumptions, no qualifications as participants were interviewed through the digital platform of Google Forms. Results: There were 10 interviewees who met the exclusion criteria: having children between 1 year and 2 years old, where they answered all the proposed categories referring to phimosis. Conclusion: parents/guardians need more guidance about childhood phimosis and the complications that it can cause if not diagnosed in childhood. With this, we can leave an alert for health professionals, especially those who provide care in basic health units, during the growth and development consultations, guide parents/guardians with clarity about this pathology and its possible complications.

Objetivo: analizar las orientaciones que reciben los padres os tutores del niño sobre los cuidados en la fimosis infantil. Método: enfoque cualitativo y método descriptivo, siguiendo los supuestos de Minayo, en el cual los participantes fueron entrevistados a través de la plataforma digital de Google Forms. Resultados: Fueron 10 entrevistados que cumplieron con los siguientes criterios de exclusión: tener hijos entre 1 año y 2 años, donde respondieron todas las categorías propuestas en cuanto a fimosis. Conclusión: los padres / tutores necesitan más orientación sobre la fimosis infantil y las complicaciones que puede causar si no se diagnostica en la infancia. Con esto, podemos dejar una alerta para los profesionales de la salud, especialmente aquellos que brindan atención en las unidades básicas de salud, durante las consultas de crecimiento y desarrollo, orientar a los padres / tutores con claridad sobre esta patología y sus posibles complicaciones.

Bloqueo del nervio dorsal del pene en la analgesia postoperatoria en la cirugía de fimosis. Hospital Pediátrico Hermanos Cordové. Abril 2017-2018 / Dorsal nerve block of the penis in postoperative analgesia in phimosis surgery. Hermanos Cordové Pediatric Hospital. April 2017-2018 / Bloqueio do nervo dorsal do pênis na analgesia pós-operatória em cirurgia de fimose. Hospital Pediátrico Hermanos Cordové. Abril 2017-2018

RESUMEN Introducción: lograr una adecuada analgesia posoperatoria en la cirugía pediátrica se ha convertido en uno de los objetivos más importantes de la anestesia contemporánea, para lo cual se emplean diferentes métodos, entre estos el bloqueo de los nervios sensitivos. Objetivo: describir los resultados del bloqueo del nervio dorsal del pene para la analgesia posoperatoria de la cirugía de fimosis. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo comparativo prospectivo en el Hospital Pediátrico Hermanos Cordové de la ciudad de Manzanillo en el periodo comprendido desde abril 2017 a 2018. cuyo universo estuvo conformado por 80 pacientes ingresados e intervenidos quirúrgicamente de forma electiva en cirugía de fimosis, divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos a los cuales se les aplicó la técnica de anestesia general y bloqueo del nervio dorsal del pene y a otro grupo se le aplicó la técnica anestesia general combinada con opioides. Resultados: el grupo etáreo que más incidencia de casos tuvo fue el de 4-6 años en el grupo estudio para un 52.5%y en el grupo control de 7-9 años para 47.5%.El promedio de edad en el grupo de estudio fue de 4.77con una DE+_1.95 y en el grupo de control se constató una media de 5.95 con una DE +_ 2.16, no se presentaron complicaciones relacionadas con la técnica y 36 paciente no tuvieron dolor (90%). Conclusiones: podemos considerar que es una técnica anestésica con mínimas complicaciones, favoreciendo la recuperación anestésica a corto plazo, lo que se refleja en el alta temprana, disminuyendo la estancia hospitalaria y reduce los costos familiares e institucionales.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Achieving adequate postoperative analgesia in pediatric surgery has become one of the most important objectives of contemporary anesthesia, for which different methods are used, including blocking sensitive nerves. Objective: to describe the results of the dorsal nerve blockage of the penis for postoperative analgesia of phymosis surgery. Methods: A prospective comparative descriptive study was carried out at the Hermanos Cordové Pediatric Hospital in the city of Manzanillo in the period from April 2017 to 2018. Whose universe consisted of 80 patients entered and surgically surgically surgery electively in phymosis surgery, randomly divided into two groups to which the technique of general anesthesia and blockage of the dorsal nerve of the penis was applied and another group was given the general anesthesia technique combined with opioids. Results: the ethereal group that had the highest incidence of cases was the 4-6 year in the study group for 52.5%and in the control group of 7-9 years for 47.5%. The average age in the study group was 4.77 with a DE+_1.95 and the control group found an average of 5.95 with a DE +_ 2.16, no complications related to the technique and 36 patients had no pain (90%). Conclusions: we can consider it to be an anesthetic technique with minimal complications, favoring short-term anesthetic recovery, which is reflected in early discharge, reducing hospital stay and reducing family and institutional costs.

RESUMO Introdução: obter analgesia pós-operatória adequada em cirurgia pediátrica tornou-se um dos objetivos mais importantes da anestesia contemporânea, para a qual diversos métodos são utilizados, entre eles o bloqueio dos nervos sensoriais. Objetivo: descrever os resultados do bloqueio do nervo dorsal peniano para analgesia pós-operatória após cirurgia de fimose. Método: estudo descritivo prospectivo comparativo realizado no Hospital Pediátrico Hermanos Cordové da cidade de Manzanillo no período de abril de 2017 a 2018, cujo universo foi constituído por 80 pacientes internados e operados eletivamente em cirurgia de fimose, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos aos quais foi aplicada a técnica de anestesia geral e bloqueio do nervo dorsal do pênis e em outro grupo foi aplicada a técnica de anestesia geral combinada com opioides. Resultados: a faixa etária com maior incidência de casos foi de 4 a 6 anos no grupo estudo para 52,5% e no grupo controle de 7 a 9 anos para 47,5%. A idade média no grupo de estudo foi 4,77 com DP + _1,95 e no grupo controle foi encontrada uma média de 5,95 com DP + _ 2,16, não houve complicações relacionadas à técnica e 36 pacientes não teve dor (90%). Conclusões: podemos considerá-la uma técnica anestésica com complicações mínimas, favorecendo a recuperação anestésica em curto prazo, que se reflete na alta precoce, reduzindo o tempo de internação e reduzindo os custos familiares e institucionais.

Postoperative aesthetic and healing features of postectomy using three different surgical techniques: a randomized, prospective, and interdisciplinary analysis / Aspectos estético e cicatricial pós-operatórios da postectomia por três diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas: análise randomizada, prospectiva e interdisciplinar

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the postoperative esthetic and healing aspects of postectomy performed by different surgical techniques, based on the evaluation of different specialty expert professionals. Methods: prospective and randomized clinical trial enrolling 149 preschool children with a medical indication for circumcision, divided into three groups: postectomy with the hemostatic device Plastibell® (PB group), conventional technique (CV group) and conventional with subcuticular stitches (SC group). Pictures were taken from patients at pre-defined angles on the 30th and 60th postoperative days. Photos were evaluated by three specialists (dermatologist, pediatrician and plastic surgeon), who assigned scores from 1 to 5 regarding the esthetic and healing features at each moment. Grades 4 or 5 from all specialists characterized "best result". Data were analysed to compare the used surgical techniques, the judgments from specialties and postoperative complications. Results: most of the patients obtained the "best result" regarding healing (70%) and esthetics (56%). The final overall result showed the PB group as the best for healing (p=0.028) and the SC group as the best for esthetics (p=0.002). For the dermatologist, on the 60th postoperative day, the CV group presented the worst aesthetic result, whereas for the pediatrician and the plastic surgeon, the PB group presented the best healing result and the SC group had the best esthetic result. There was no difference between the groups regarding the presence of complications. Conclusion: the most common surgical techniques used to perform postectomy in children were differently assessed regarding healing and esthetic features by distinct medical professionals. The analysis of these two parameters among experts from related areas diverged among them and over time.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os aspectos estético e cicatricial pós-operatórios (PO) de pacientes submetidos a postectomia por diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas a partir da avaliação de profissionais experientes de áreas afins. Método: ensaio clínico prospectivo e randomizado, incluindo 149 meninos em idade pré-escolar com indicação médica de postectomia, divididos em três grupos: postectomia com dispositivo hemostático Plastibell® (grupo PB), técnica convencional (grupo CV) e convencional com pontos subcuticulares (grupo SC). Os pacientes foram fotografados em ângulos predefinidos no 30º e 60º dias de PO e as fotos avaliadas por três especialistas (dermatologista, pediatra e cirurgião plástico) que atribuíram notas entre 1 e 5, quanto aos aspectos estético e cicatricial em cada momento. Notas 4 ou 5 de todos os especialistas caracterizaram o "melhor resultado". Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística para comparar as técnicas cirúrgicas, as avaliações dos especialistas e as complicações pós-operatórias. Resultados: a maioria dos pacientes obteve "melhor resultado" cicatricial (70%) e estético (56%). O resultado geral final apontou o grupo PB como superior quanto à cicatrização (p=0,028) e o grupo SC quanto ao aspecto estético (p=0,002). Para o dermatologista, na segunda avaliação, o grupo CV apresentou o pior resultado estético, enquanto para o pediatra e o cirurgião plástico, o grupo PB apresentou o melhor resultado cicatricial e o grupo SC o melhor resultado estético. Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto à presença de complicações. Conclusão: as técnicas cirúrgicas mais empregadas para realizar postectomia em crianças foram avaliadas quanto aos resultados cicatricial e estético de distintas maneiras. A análise desses dois parâmetros entre especialistas de áreas afins divergiu entre eles e ao longo do tempo.

Management Of Phimosis With Use Of Betamethasone And Prepucial Dilatation -A Prospective Study

Introduction: Physiological phimosis, a common complaint in the surgery outpatient department presenting as non–retractile foreskin is due to adhesions between the inner layer of the prepuce with glans penis or due to tight tip of the prepuce. These patients are managed with circumcision, preputial dilatation and topical application of steroid. In this study, we compare different outcomes measures in children treated with dilatation along with Betamethasone ointment. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the department of General surgery outpatient department in 2018. We followed up 50 patients who underwent application of betamethasone ointment followed by dilatation and application of betamethasone impregnated antibiotic cream twice daily over a period of six weeks. We recorded basic demographic features, parent anxiety, parental compliance, parent satisfaction, complete response and persistence of phimosis at the end of the treatment. Results: The median age of the patients was 36 with range (23–48) months. At the end of six weeks, with regard to all outcome measures namely parent compliance, parent satisfaction, symptom resolution. Moreover, phimosis persisted in 3 (6%) of the patients treated with dilatation and betnovate ointment. Conclusions: This study shows that Dilatation and local application of betnovate ointment is a better alternative to circumcision.

Risk factors of pediatric urinary tract infections: an epidemiologic study

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second most prevalent pediatric infection, and if it is not recognized and treated properly, it can cause severe irreversible complications such as renal failure and hypertension. In this research, some of the risk factors of UTIs were compared in children with urinary tract infections.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, with the urinary tract infection as the dependent variable and gender, circumcision status, history of urinary catheterization, family history, history of renal stone, hypercalciuria, constipation history, reflux, neurogenic bladder, phimosis, posterior urethral valves (PUV), ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO), and ureterovesical junction obstruction (UVJO) as the independent variables. A total of 405 children were studied in this research. The data was collected using questionnaires, checklists, and examinations. Data analysis was also carried out using descriptive and analytical statistics method in SPSS.Results: This research revealed the prevalence of urinary tract infection among children with several risk factors, and the common factors were positive family history, history of urinary catheterization, constipation, and other non-anatomical disorders (history of renal stone and hypercalciuria. The most common risk factors regardless of gender and age were non-anatomic disorders that were observed in 147 cases (43.7%) (p-value<0.001). Among the non-anatomical factors, constipation was the most common factor observed in 66 cases (16.3%). A higher rate of urinary infection was observed in the uncircumcised male patients than the circumcised patients, and there was a significant relationship between circumcision and UTI.Conclusions: In this study, urinary tract infection staged a significant relationship with gender, circumcision status, urinary catheterization history, family history, renal stone history, hypercalciuria, history of constipation, reflux, neurogenic bladder, phimosis, PUV, UPJO, and UVJO.

Efectividad del tratamiento con esteroide tópico en fimosis fisiológica / Effectiveness of topical steroid treatment in physiological phimosis

Resumen Introducción La fimosis es una condición en la que el prepucio no puede ser retraído sobre el glande. La fimosis fisiológica afecta hasta a 96% de los recién nacidos y persiste hasta los tres o cuatro años de vida; es motivo común de consulta en la atención médica primaria y el tratamiento principal es la circuncisión. Diversos estudios han valorado el uso de esteroides tópicos en la liberación del prepucio fimótico. Objetivo Determinar la efectividad del tratamiento con esteroide tópico para la liberación del prepucio en lactantes con fimosis fisiológica en el Hospital Naval de Especialidades de Veracruz (HOSNAVESVER). Material y métodos Ensayo clínico aleatorizado controlado en lactantes de 30 a 60 días de edad con fimosis fisiológica. Se formaron mediante la aleatorización de tres grupos: A (hidrocortisona 1%/fisioterapia), B (vaselina/fisioterapia) y C (hidrocortisona 1% sola); se comparó su efectividad mediante la escala de Kayaba antes y después del tratamiento. El análisis estadístico se efectuó con pruebas de χ2 y Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados Se incluyeron 61 lactantes. Al inicio, 17 (85.0%) del grupo A, 14 (70.0%) del B y 17 (81.0%) del C estaban en categoría I de Kayaba; al final del tratamiento, 19 (95.0%) del grupo A estaban en categoría III y IV, 18 (90.0%) del grupo B y 19 (90.5%) del grupo C estaban en categoría II y III (p < 0.05). La hidrocortisona/fisioterapia tuvo RR de -93.8%, IC 95% (-99.1 a -57.2%) y NNT de 1, IC 95% (1 a 2). Conclusión La hidrocortisona 1% con fisioterapia mostró mayor efectividad para el tratamiento de la fimosis fisiológica en lactantes de 30 a 60 días de vida.

Abstract Introduction Phimosis is a condition in which the foreskin cannot be retracted on the glans. Physiological phimosis affects up to 96% of newborns, persisting until three or four years of age. It is a common reason for consultation in primary medical care, with the main treatment being circumcision. Several studies have evaluated the use of topical steroids in the release of the foreskin. Objective To determine the effectiveness of topical steroid treatment for the liberation of the prepuce in infants with physiological phimosis in the Naval Hospital of Specialties of Veracruz (HOSNAVESVER). Material and methods Randomized controlled clinical trial in infants between 30 and 60 days of age with physiological phimosis. Three groups were randomized: A (hydrocortisone 1%/physiotherapy), B (petrolatum/physiotherapy) and C (only hydrocortisone 1%), comparing their effectiveness using the Kayaba scale before and after treatment. A statistical analysis was made with χ2 and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results 61 infants were included. At the beginning, 17 (85.0%) of group A, 14 (70.0%) of B and 17 (81.0%) of C were in category I of Kayaba; at the end of the treatment, 19 (95.0%) of group A were in category III and IV, 18 (90.0%) of group B, and 19 (90.5%) of group C were in category II and III (p < 0.05). Hydrocortisone/physiotherapy had RR of -93.8%, 95% CI (-99.1% to -57.2%) and NNT of 1, 95% CI (1 to 2). Conclusion Hydrocortisone 1% with physiotherapy showed greater effectiveness for the treatment of physiological phimosis in infants between 30 and 60 days of age.

Circumcision: postoperative complications that required reoperation / Postectomia: complicações pós-operatórias necessitando reintervenção cirúrgica

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate post-operative complications of circumcision requiring surgical reintervention. Methods Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients submitted to circumcision from May 1st, 2015 to May 31st, 2016. Results A total of 2,441 circumcisions were performed; in that, 1,940 using Plastibell and 501 by the classic technique. Complications requiring surgical reintervention were found in 3.27% of patients. When separated by surgical technique, 3.4% of circumcisions using Plastibell device required reoperation, as compared to 3% of conventional technique (p=0.79). Preputial stenosis was most frequently found in classic circumcision, with statistical significance (p<0.001). Bleeding was more frequent when using Plastibell device, but the difference was not statistically different (p=0.37). Patients' age was also evaluated to investigate if this variable influenced on the postoperative outcome, but no significant difference was found. Conclusion There was no statistically significant difference when comparing complications between the different techniques performed at this hospital. Preputial stenosis was most frequently found in the classic circumcision, while bleeding was more prevalent when using Plastibell device. Patients' age did not influence in complications.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar as complicações pós-operatórias de postectomia que necessitaram de reintervenção cirúrgica. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo com análise de prontuários de pacientes submetidos à postectomia entre 1o de maio de 2015 a 31 de Maio de 2016. Resultados Foram realizadas 2.441 postectomias no período, sendo 501 utilizando a técnica clássica e 1.940 utilizando o dispositivo Plastibell. Apresentaram complicações que necessitaram reintervenção cirúrgica 3,27% dos pacientes. Quando separados por técnica operatória, 3,4% das postectomias com Plastibell foram reoperadas, comparando com 3% das postectomias convencionais (p=0,79). A estenose de prepúcio foi mais frequentemente encontrada na técnica clássica, com significância estatística (p<0,001). Sangramento foi mais frequente nos casos com uso do Plastibell, porém sem diferença significativa (p=0,37). A idade dos pacientes também foi avaliada para investigar se esta variável influenciou na taxa de complicações pós-operatórias, porém não houve diferença significativa. Conclusão Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa quando comparadas as complicações entre as diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas neste serviço. A estenose de prepúcio foi mais frequentemente encontrada nos pacientes operados pela técnica convencional enquanto demonstrou-se tendência a maior sangramento com uso do Plastibell. A idade dos pacientes não influenciou na presença de complicações.

Clinical effect of two-person of and one-person operations of disposable circumcision stitching instrument / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To compare the clinical effect of two-person operations of disposable circumcision stitching instrument and one-man operations of disposable circumcision stitching instrument.Methods Clinical data of 340 patients with redundant prepuce or phimosis from March 2015 to August 2017 were randomly divided into control group which patients with two-person operation of disposable circumcision stitching instrument and study group which patients with one-man operation of disposable circumcision stitching instrument were reviewed prospectively.There were 188 patients in the study group,including 22 patients with phimosis and 166 patients with redundant prepuce;Among the 152 patients in the control group,there were 17 cases with phimosis and 135 cases with redundant prepuce.Two groups with operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative skin staple missing,2 hours postoperative pain,postoperative edema,the swelling subsided time,postoperative complications,postoperative patient satisfaction,and so on.Measurement data were represented as (x) ± s,and comparison between groups was analyzed using t test;count data were represented as percentage and comparison between groups was analyzed chi-square.Results All operations were finished successfully for the patients by two-person or one-man of operations of disposable circumcision stitching instrument.In terms of operation,the operation time of the observation group and the control group was (7.76 ±0.45) minutes and (7.86 ±0.91) minutes respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant(P ＞ 0.05).Intraoperative hemorrhage of observation group and control group were (1.77 ± 0.22) ml and (1.72 ± 0.26) ml,and the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the observation group and the control group (P ＞ 0.05) in the postoperative 2 hours pain score and skin staple missing.In the postoperative complications,the deviation rate of the prepuce was 1.11％,significantly lower than the control group 5.92％,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the observation group and the control group in terms of edema on the third postoperative day,short postoperative anastomosis,patient satisfaction,and postoperative infection.Conclusion The way of one-man operation of disposable circumcision stitching instrumente not only saves labor costs,but also has a good postoperative clinical effect,meanwhile,it has high efficiency and strong operability,and is worthy of promotion for clinical first-line urologists.

Effect of topical steroid treatment on children with severe phimosis / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of 0.1％ mometasone furoate cream in the treatment of phimosis in children.Methods A prospective study was carried out over two years period on an outpatient which basis on two groups of patients with severe phimosis.598 children with severe phimosis (Kikiros classification 4-5) aged from 2 years old to 11 years old and 8 months were selected.311 cases in the observation group and 287 cases in the control group.The observation group applied a steroid cream the foreskin twice a day for 4 weeks,and the control group used local handling of the foreskin twice a day for 4 weeks.The effects of the two groups after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment were compared.Results 29 cases in the observation group and 47 cases in the control group were loss of follow up.In the steroids group which including 282 patients,68.8％ of patients (194 cases) showed a complete response (full retraction of the foreskin) to the therapy.The total efficiency rate of the 4 stage phimosis group is higher than the 5 grade phimosis group.Patients who had a history of balanoposthitis or urinary tract infection showed poorer improvement in preputial retraction.A total of 28 out of 240 patients (11.7％) in the control group showed a complete response to the therapy.The total efficiency rate of the observation group was significantly higher than the control group (x2 =173.121,P ＜ 0.01).There were 4 cases of discomfort in the observation group and 6 cases of foreskin injured in the control group.Conclusions Topical application of 0.1％ mometasone furoate cream in the treatment of severe phimosis in children is an effective,safe and simple non-invasive treatment with less adverse reactions.

Eficácia do uso de corticoides tópicos no tratamento da fimose primária em crianças e adolescentes / Efficacy of topical corticosteroids in the treatment of primary phimosis in children and adolescents / Eficacia del uso de corticoesteroides tópicos en el tratamiento de la fimosis primaria en niños y adolescentes

Introdução: A fimose primária é um problema frequente na consulta de saúde infantil, com prevalência de 11% aos 3 anos de idade. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão é avaliar a evidência da eficácia do uso de corticoides tópicos (CCT) na redução da limitação da retratilidade do prepúcio em crianças e adolescentes. Métodos: Pesquisa efetuada nas bases de dados National Guideline Clearing House, Canadian Medical Association Pratice Guidelines Infobase, Cochrane Library, DARE, Bandolier, Evidence Based Medicine Online, Trip Database Online e Pubmed, utilizando os descritores "Phimosis and steroids". Pesquisaram-se normas de orientação clínica (NOC), meta-análises, revisões sistemáticas e ensaios clínicos aleatorizados e controlados (ECAC), nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola. Foi usada a escala Levels of Evidence of Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine. Resultados: Foram encontrados 148 artigos, dos quais 6 cumpriram os critérios de inclusão: 1 NOC e 5 ECAC. A orientação da Sociedade Europeia de Urologia Pediátrica publicada em 2013 recomenda o uso de CCT na fimose primária. Os ECAC incluíram no total 624 crianças e adolescentes entre os zero e os 15 anos. Foram testados diferentes CCT e esquemas terapêuticos. Verificou-se uma melhoria da retratilidade do prepúcio comparativamente com o placebo, com uma eficácia terapêutica dos CCT descrita entre 66% e 90%. Conclusão: Os estudos suportam a eficácia dos CCT no tratamento da fimose primária em crianças e adolescentes. No futuro é pertinente o desenho de estudos metodologicamente homogêneos e de maior dimensão para clarificar qual o melhor CCT e esquema terapêutico.

Introduction: Primary phimosis is a frequent problem in child health clinic with a prevalence of 11% at 3 years of age. Objective: The aim of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of topical corticosteroids (CCT) in reduction of foreskin retractile limitation in children and adolescents. Methods: The research was performed using the National Guideline Clearing House, Canadian Medical Association Practice Guidelines InfoBase, Cochrane Library, DARE, Bandolier, Evidence Based Medicine Online, Trip Database Online and PubMed databases using the terms "phimosis and steroids". Clinical guidelines, meta-analyses, systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The Levels of Evidence of Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine were used. Results: A total of 148 articles were found, of which only six fulfilled the inclusion criteria: one guideline and five RCTs. Since 2013 the European Society of Pediatric Urology recommends the use of CCT in primary phimosis. The RCTs included a total of 624 children and adolescents aged between zero and 15 years and different CCTs and therapeutic approaches were tested. A significant improvement in prepuce retraction was observed with the use of CCT compared to placebo achieving a therapeutic efficacy of 66% and 90%. Conclusion: The studies used in this work support the use of CCTs in the treatment of primary phimosis in children and adolescents. However, we consider to be of added value the implementation of larger and methodologically homogeneous studies in order to clarify what is the best CCT therapeutic method.

Introducción: La fimosis primaria es un problema común en la consulta médica con una prevalencia del 11% a los 3 años de edad. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión es evaluar la evidencia de la eficacia de los corticoesteroides tópicos (CCT) en la reducción de la limitación de retractilidad del prepucio en niños y adolescentes. Métodos: Se realizaron encuestas en las bases de datos de National Guideline Clearing House, Canadian Medical Association Pratice Guidelines Infobase, Cochrane Library, DARE, Bandolier, Evidence Based Medicine Online, Trip Database Online e Pubmed, utilizando las palabras clave "phimosis and steroids". Se incluyeron guidelines, revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis y ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA), en portugués, inglés y español. Se utilizó la escala Levels of Evidence da Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine. Resultados: Se han encontrado 148 artículos, de los cuales seis cumplieron los criterios de inclusión: 1 guideline y 5 ECA. La guideline de la Sociedad Europea de Urología Pediátrica publicada en 2013 recomienda el uso de CCT en la fimosis primaria. El ECA incluyó un total de 624 niños y adolescentes de entre cero y 15 años. Se ha mejorado la retractilidad del prepucio en comparación con el placebo a una efectividad terapéutica del CCT descrito entre 66% y 90%. Conclusión: Los estudios apoyan la efectividad del tratamiento con corticoesteroides en la fimosis primaria en niños y adolescentes. En el futuro es apropiado el diseño de estudios metodológicamente homogéneos y más grandes para probar cual es el mejor tratamiento de CCT.

Observation time and spontaneous resolution of primary phimosis in children / Tempo de observação e resolução espontânea de fimose primária em crianças

ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate spontaneous resolution rate of a series of patients with physiologic phimosis in relation to observation time and presence of symptoms. Methods: retrospective and longitudinal follow-up study of patients with physiologic phimosis, that did not apply topic treatment. These patients were invited for a new visit for reevaluation, or recent data were obtained by chart analysis. Spontaneous resolution rate was determined and statistically compared to age, presence of symptoms at first medical visit and time until reevaluation. Results: seventy one patients were included. Medium time of observation from first visit to reevaluation was 37.4 months. There was spontaneous resolution of phimosis in 32 (45%) patients. Children with spontaneous resolution were younger at initial diagnosis and were observed during a longer period of time. Most asymptomatic patients at first visit presented spontaneous resolution. However, it was not possible to stablish a significant relationship between presence of symptoms and evolution of physiologic phimosis. Conclusions: time of observation was the main determinant of spontaneous resolution of patients with physiologic phimosis, reinforcing the current more conservative approach regarding circumcision of those patients.

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar a taxa de resolução espontânea de uma série de pacientes com diagnóstico de fimose fisiológica e sua relação com o tempo de observação e com a presença de sintomas. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo e de seguimento longitudinal e observacional de pacientes em acompanhamento por fimose fisiológica, que não haviam realizado tratamento tópico. Estes pacientes foram convocados para uma consulta médica de reavaliação ou tiveram dados recentes obtidos a partir da análise dos prontuários. A taxa de resolução espontânea foi determinada e comparada estatisticamente de acordo com a idade, com a presença de sintomas no momento da primeira consulta e com o tempo transcorrido entre a primeira consulta e a reavaliação. Resultados: setenta e um pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. O tempo médio de observação, entre a primeira consulta e a reavaliação foi de 37,4 meses. Houve resolução espontânea da fimose em 32 (45%) pacientes. As crianças que apresentaram resolução espontânea eram mais jovens no momento do diagnóstico inicial e foram observadas por um maior intervalo de tempo. A maior parte dos pacientes assintomáticos na primeira consulta apresentou resolução espontânea. No entanto, não foi possível estabelecer uma relação significativa entre a presença de sintomas e a evolução da fimose fisiológica. Conclusões: o tempo de observação foi o maior determinante para a resolução espontânea de pacientes com fimose fisiológica, o que reforça a tendência atual mais conservadora em relação às indicações de circuncisão para estes pacientes.

Comparative effect of dorsal slit circumcision and disposable circumcision suture device / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To compare the safety and effectiveness of disposable circumcision suture device (DCSD) with conventional circumcision in surgical treatment of phimosis and redundant prepuce . Methods One hundred and sixty one patients with phimosis or redundant prepuce were randomly assigned to be treated by circumcision using disposable circumcision suture device ( DCSD group , n =89 ) or conventional circumcision (CC group,n =72),respectively.Results The operation time was (3.8 ± 0.5)min in DCSD group and (31.6 ±2.7)min in CC group (F=71.21,P=0.000),blood loss was 1.0(0.9, 1.2)ml in DCSD group and 6.2(5.7, 7.0)ml in CC group (Z =-10.90,P=0.000).There were no significant differences in intraoperative pain score (1.4 ±0.6 vs.2.9 ±0.8, F=2.08, P=0.151) and wound healing time [(14.0 ±1.3) vs.(16.8 ±2.1) d, F=0.10, P=0.754] between two groups.There was no need to change the dressing for patients in DSCD group 3 days after the operation , while patients in CC group changed dressing 3 times after the operation .No significant differences in postoperative complication rate [10%(9/89) vs.4%(3/72),χ2 =2.04,P=0.153] and satisfaction rate with the penile appearance [98%(87/89) vs.94%(68/72), χ2 =0.47,P=0.494] were found between two groups .Conclusion DCSD exhibits superiority over CC for shorter operation time and less blood loss in circumcision .

Topical application of clobetasol propionate cream in the treatment of phimosis in prepubertal children: A report of 237cases / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinical effect of 0.02% clobetasol propionate cream (CPC) on phimosis in prepubertal children.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 237 prepubertal children with phimosis present at the Outpatient Department from June 2012 to December 2015. The patients were aged 2－14 (mean 8.6) years, all treated by topical application of 0.02% CPC to the narrowed opening and adhered part of the foreskin twice a day, in the morning and evening respectively. At the time of CPC application, the foreskin was slightly retracted. We evaluated the therapeutic effect every week from the end of the first week of treatment.@*RESULTS@#Totally, 233 of the patients completed the 8-week treatment, of whom 181 (77.68%) showed full retraction of the foreskin, 28 (12.01%) experienced improvement (disappearance of the phimotic ring), and 24 (10.30%) failed to respond, with a total effectiveness rate of 89.70%. No significant local or systemic adverse reactions were observed during the treatment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Topical application of 0.02% Clobetasol Propionate Cream is a safe, effective, painless, and inexpensive option for the treatment of phimosis in prepubertal chilodren.

A novel disposable ring versus the suture device in circumcision / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinical effect of a novel disposable ring versus that of the suture device in circumcision for redundant prepuce and phimosis.@*METHODS@#We randomly assigned 470 male patients with redundant prepuce or phimosis to receive circumcision with a novel disposable ring (the DR group, n = 235) or the suture device (the SD group, n = 235) and compared the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, pain scores, wound healing time, and postoperative complications and penile appearance between the two groups of patients.@*RESULTS@#All the operations were completed smoothly. Compared with the SD group, the DR group showed significantly shorter operation time (［7.49 ± 1.84］ vs ［3.83 ± 0.42］ min, P 0.05) or while the staples scraping the underpants or at the ring removal (3.49 ± 1.22 vs 3.36 ± 1.41, P >0.05). No obvious postoperative infection or delayed healing was observed except for 3 cases of wound dehiscence (1 in the DR and 2 in the SD group) and 8 cases of delayed removal of the staples in the SD group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The novel disposable ring, with its advantages of short operation time, less bleeding and pain, good penile appearance, high safety, and simple operation, is obviously superior to the suture device in circumcision and deserves to be applied and popularized clinically. .

Use of a disposable circumcision suture device versus conventional circumcision: A systematic review and meta-analysis / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

This systematic review assessed the safety and efficacy of the disposable circumcision suture device (DCSD) and conventional circumcision (CC) in the treatment of redundant prepuce and phimosis. Two independent reviewers conducted a literature search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using the DCSD and CC for the treatment of redundant prepuce or phimosis in China and abroad. Nine RCTs (1898 cases) were included. Compared with the CC group, the DCSD group had a shorter operative time (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -21.44; 95% confidence intervals [95% CIs] [-25.08, -17.79]; P < 0.00001), shorter wound healing time (SMD = -3.66; 95% CI [-5.46, -1.85]; P < 0.0001), less intraoperative blood loss (SMD = -9.64; 95% CI [-11.37, -7.90]; P < 0.00001), better cosmetic penile appearance (odds ratio [OR] =8.77; 95% CI [5.90, 13.02]; P < 0.00001), lower intraoperative pain score, lower 24-h postoperative pain score, lower incidence of infection, less incision edema, and fewer adverse events. There were no differences between the CC and DCSD groups in the incidences of dehiscence, or hematoma. The results of this meta-analysis indicate that the DCSD appears to be safer and more effective than CC. However, additional high-quality RCTs with larger study populations are needed.

Lepra lepromatosa peneal en paciente con enfermedad de chagas. Reporte de un caso / Penile lepromatous leprosy in a patient with chagas disease. a case report

Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 52 años con fimosis secundaria a una masa pseudotumoral prepucial. El paciente presentaba una historia de enfermedad de Hansen con afectación de piel, laringe y bronquios. Previa a la circuncisión, el examen físico revelaba, además de las alteraciones lepromatosas, un mega esófago secundario a estenosis en la porción distal. El análisis laboratorial mediante la técnica de ELISA dio positivo para Trypanosoma cruzi, patógeno responsable de la enfermedad de Chagas. Sólo pudimos encontrar un caso previo reportado de lepra lepromatosa con afectación prepucial. La coexistencia de lepra y miocardiopatía chagásica es inusual pero bien conocida por casos reportados en Brasil e India. Sin embargo, de acuerdo a nuestros conocimientos, éste es el primer caso reportado de una asociación entre lepra lepromatosa y mega esófago chagásico en un paciente con fimosis.

We are presenting a 52-year-old patient with phimosis due a tumor like mass, which on pathological evaluation was diagnosed as lepromatous leprosy. The patient had a history of Hansen's disease involving the skin, the larynx and the bronchial tree. Before a circumcision, a physical examination revealed in addition to the lepromatous changes the presence of megaesophagus secondary to stenosis of the distal portion. Laboratory analysis for Tripanosomacruzii using ELISA technique was positive for Chagas Disease. We could find only one previous report of lepromatous leprosy affecting the foreskin. The coexistence of leprosy and myocardial Chagas disease is unusual but well known in reports from Brazil and India. However, this is, to our knowledge, the first case reported of an association of lepromatous leprosy and chagasicmegaesophagus in a patient with phimosis.

Compared the Efficacy of Circumcision Suture Surgery and Surgery Foreskin Cerclage Ring / 现代医院

Objective The curative effect comparison of circumcision suture surgery and surgery foreskin cerclage ring.Methods Selection in our department from July 2013 to October 2016 were selected from children with phimosis or re-dundant prepuce in children with a total of 562 cases as the research object , randomly divided into control group (182 cases) and observation group (380 cases).The observation group using disposable circumcision suture treatment , the control group using prepuce ring resection in the treatment of patients , observe the operation effect , two postoperative pain and complica-tions.Results The observation group operation success rate ( 100%) was significantly higher than the control group (94.09%), observation group operation time , intraoperative bleeding volume , postoperative 24h pain scores were signifi-cantly less than the control group , the adverse reaction rate of observation group ( 6.32%) was significantly lower than the control group (11.54%),the differences between groups were significantly P<0.05.Conclusion Ircumcision surgery su-ture is better than that of ring foreskin cerclage surgery , more safe and reliable .

Prepuce development in Mongolian boys / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

BackgroundThe prepuce (foreskin) is a simple fold of skin formed from an outer keratinized layer and inner mucosallayer, lining a preputial sac and provides functions such as protective, erogenous, and immunologic. Theprepuce is normally non-retractile during neonatal development, as the inner epithelial lining of prepuceand glans adhere each other. Non retractile prepuces are common among young boys and normalpart of preputial development. However, unnecessary circumcision is widely practiced among youngadolescents due to poor understanding of foreskin and lack of medical indication.GoalTo assess preputial retractibility in Mongolian boys at various ages to determine natural process ofpreputial separation.Material and MethodsWe evaluated 1697 Mongolian boys aged 2 to 12. Preputial condition was classifi ed into 5 types basedon preputial retractability: type I-phimosis, type II–partial phimosis, type III–adhesion of prepuce, IV–normal, V–circumcised. We also prospectively evaluated 30 histological materials of patients (2-12 yearsold), who were treated by complete circumcision. The materials were fi xed 10% solution of formalin,embedded in paraffi n, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and examined by 3 pathologists.ResultsThe incidences of type I was 67.9% in 2 years old, 12% in 6years, and 4.1% in 10 years and1.1% in12 years old, respectively. On the contrary, the incidences of type IV were 15.4% in 2 years old, 29.8%in 6 years, 74.7% in 10 years and 91.6% in 12 years. Thecircumcisionswere0% in 2 years old, 5.7%in 6 years old, 2.9% in 10 years old and 5% in 12 years old. Most patients (76.7%) did not have anyhistological alterations of the skin and infl ammatory alteration, not lichen sclerosis, were observed in23.3% in histological examination followed by circumcision.Conclusion: Preputual separation increases with ages in boys and surgical treatment of the phimosisshould be performed with cautions.

Shang Ring scissor circumcision versus electrotome circumcision for redundant prepuce / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To compare the clinical effects of Shang Ring scissor circumcision (SC) and electrotome circumcision (EC) in the treatment of redundant prepuce or phimosis.Methods: Results: Conclusion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This retrospective study included 524 patients with redundant prepuce or phimosis, 422 treated by SC and 120 by EC. We made comparisons between the two groups of patients in the operation time, intra- and post-operative pain scores, pain scores before, at and after ring removal, wound healing time, and incidence rates of postoperative edema and incision dehiscence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operation time was longer in the SC than in the EC group (［59.99±5.39］ vs ［39.94±4.94］ sec, P<0.05), but there were no significant differences between the two groups in the intraoperative pain scores (1.02±0.74 vs 1.08±0.59, P>0.05) or the pain scores within 24 h after operation (6.74±1.01 vs 6.56±1.06, P>0.05), 24 h prior to ring removal (1.14±0.69 vs 1.10±0.64, P>0.05), and after ring removal (2.73±0.74 vs 2.85±0.75, P>0.05) except at ring removal, which was remarkably lower in the SC than in the EC group (3.56±0.47 vs 4.77±0.58, P<0.05). The wound healing time was markedly shorter in the former than in the latter (［14.11±1.26］ vs ［39.78±7.55］ d, P<0.05), but the incidence rate of incision dehiscence showed no significant difference between the two groups (4.03% ［17/422］ vs 9.17% ［11/120］, P>0.05). The rate of postoperative satisfaction with the external penile appearance was 100% in both of the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Shang Ring scissor circumcision is preferred to electrotome circumcision for its advantages of less pain at ring removal and shorter healing time despite its longer operation time.</p>